3 October (Leidens Ontzet)

General Info

• The tradition began in 1575.
• Leiden, Netherlands.
• The event takes place annually on October 3rd.

History

The 3 October festival, also known as Leidens Ontzet or the Relief of Leiden, celebrates the end of the Spanish siege of the city in 1574 during the Eighty Years' War. The people of Leiden endured a long and brutal siege, suffering from hunger and disease. Relief came on October 3, 1574, when the Dutch rebels, known as the Sea Beggars, broke through the dikes, flooding the area and forcing the Spanish troops to retreat. The citizens of Leiden were saved by a combination of strategic flooding and a timely delivery of herring and white bread.

In gratitude for their deliverance, the citizens of Leiden established an annual celebration. The first official commemoration took place in 1575, just a year after the siege was lifted. Over the centuries, the festival has evolved, incorporating various elements that reflect the city's history and culture. Today, the 3 October festival is a major event in Leiden, drawing residents and visitors alike to partake in the festivities.

The celebration begins with a morning parade known as the "Koraal," where local dignitaries, accompanied by music, march to the Hooglandse Kerk for a special service. Throughout the day, the city is alive with activities, including historical reenactments, traditional music and dance performances, and funfair attractions. A highlight of the festival is the distribution of herring and white bread to the citizens, a tradition that harks back to the original relief supplies. The day culminates in a grand fireworks display, lighting up the sky over Leiden and bringing the celebrations to a spectacular close.

Interesting Facts

1. Hutspot Tradition: Another culinary tradition associated with the 3 October festival is the eating of "hutspot," a dish made of mashed potatoes, carrots, and onions. According to legend, this was the meal found in the abandoned Spanish camp after the siege was lifted, and it has since become a staple of the celebration.
2. Historical Reenactments: The festival features detailed historical reenactments of key events from the siege, providing an educational and entertaining way for attendees to connect with the city's past. These reenactments are performed by local volunteers and historical societies, adding authenticity and engagement to the celebrations.
3. Cultural Significance: While the festival is a beloved local tradition, it has sometimes sparked debates about its historical portrayal and modern adaptations. Some residents and historians emphasize the importance of accurately representing the events of 1574, while others focus on the festive and community aspects of the celebration. Balancing historical accuracy with contemporary enjoyment remains an ongoing conversation within the community.

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